Preparation of hydrophobic hierarchical pore carbon–silica composite and its adsorption performance toward volatile organic compounds

Carbon–silica materials with hierarchical pores consisting of micropores and mesopores were prepared by introducing nanocarbon microspheres derived from biomass sugar into silica gel channels in a hydrothermal environment.The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by nitrogen physical adsorption(BET),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and thermogravimetric(TG),and the adsorption properties of various organic waste gases were investigated.The results showed that microporous carbon materials were introduced successfully into the silica gel channels,thus showing the high adsorption capacity of activated carbon in high humidity organic waste gas,and the high stability and mechanical strength of the silica gel.The dynamic adsorption behavior confirmed that the carbon–silica material had excellent adsorption capacity for different volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Furthermore,the carbon–silica material exhibited excellent desorption characteristics:adsorbed toluene was completely desorbed at 150℃,thereby showing superior regeneration characteristics.Both features were attributed to the formation of hierarchical pores.     

Investigation of chlorinated phenols sorption mechanisms on different layers of the Danube alluvial sediment

The characteristics of the Danube river alluvial sediment are of great importance in assessing the risk for transport of pollutants to drinking water sources. Characterization of the sediment column layers has shown that the alluvial sediment, sampled near the city of Novi Sad, is a mesoporous sandy material with certain differences in the properties of individual layers. In order to investigate the sorption mechanisms of four chlorinated phenols (CPs) on the alluvial deposit, static sorption experiments were performed at pH 4, 7 and 10. The results of sorption experiments, confirmed by principal components analysis sugest different mechanisms govern the sorption process at different pH conditions. This can be attributed to the molecular characteristics of CPs, geosorbent properties and to variations in the surface charge of the sorbent at different pH conditions.     

4－AAP光度法测定污水中挥发酚的干扰规律研究及其应用

矿物油（原油、机油、柴油等）、苯胺、部分金属离子及ＣＩＯ－等物质对４－ＡＡＰ法测定污水中的挥发酚有干扰。本文采用标加干扰物的方法研究了各种干扰物质对挥发酚测定过程中的回收率的影响规律，得到总回收率Ｙ方程。由Ｙ值和４－ＡＡＰ法测定值ＣＤ可求得水样中挥发酚的实际含量ＣＴ（ＣＤ／Ｙ）。混和干扰物加标拟合实验结果的相对误差＜±５％。该方法测定实际水样的结果与４阶导数光谱法的结果基本吻合。本文是针对油矿区污水特点，提出的消除各种干扰挥发酚测定物质影响的研究方法。     

关于室内装修有害气体烘焙排风稀释技术数值研究

依据实测数据,应用数值计算手法,对烘焙排风稀释技术不同工况下总挥发性有机化合物的排除量、烘焙排风稀释阶段室内空气中总挥发性有机化合物的浓度变化进行计算并讨论烘焙温度、换气次数对去除效果的影响。     

取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型■(Daphnia magna Straus)的定量结构-活性关系研究

研究了３６个取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型的急性毒性，应用正辛醇／水分配系数、线性溶解能关系参数和分子连接性指数得出了该类化合物的定量构效关系方程，这些方程可以用来进行该类化合物危害性初评．ＬＳＥＲ法得到的ＱＳＡＲ方程拟合效果较好，增大分子体积及偶极性极化性，均可增大毒性．化合物与蛋白质等生物大分子的氢键键合作用是导致该类化合物毒性高于其基本毒性的原因．     

建立土壤硫释放过程的人工神经网络模型

以温度、土壤含水率、胱氨酸添加量和土壤pH值作为土壤释放挥发性含硫化合物的主要影响因素,采用正交实验方法分析这些因素与土壤硫释速率的关系,利用BP神经网络算法对实验结果建模,并用模型对不同影响因素下的土壤硫释放情况进行预测。结果表明,网络模型对学习过的样本有较高预测精度,预测结果相对误差在2％以下,对未学生过的样本,误差为10％左右,表明人工神经网络方法建立的模型适用于土壤硫释放预测。     

水体中锰离子对酚类有机物的光化学降解的影响

通过对不同锰离子浓度下三种酚在三种不同介质中的光降解情况的研究,来确定水体中的锰离子对酚类有机物的光化学降解的影响。实验结果表明,在不同条件下,不同浓度的锰离子对实验中所选的三种酚的影响有所不同。对邻硝基苯酚的光降解几乎不产生影响,对对甲基苯酚的光降解起到抑制作用,而对2,4-二硝基苯酚的光降解则起到促进作用。     

一个填埋场的气体排放控制系统的建立及其从中得到的几点启示

介绍位于纽约州北汉姆斯特城的ＰｏｒｔＷａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ城市固体废弃物填埋场填埋气体的排放、监测和处理系统及其有关测试数据和从中得到的启示．     

含硫化合物的气相色谱检测响应特性研究

利用气相色谱（配炎焰光度检测器）对二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）、甲硫醇（ＣＨ３ＣＨ）、甲硫醚（ＤＭＳ）和二甲二硫醚（ＤＭＤＳ）４种含硫物质进行了分析检测，着重讨论了气相色谱仪的各项参数对几种含硫物质响应和分离效果的影响。结果表明：该分析对含硫气体的最小检测浓度达到ｐｐｂ级。在各项参数中，色谱柱温度在Ｎ２压力对各含硫物质响应和分离度影响最大，汽化室和检测器温度及空气压力对它们的影响相对较小。